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Jatson Nyingpo was Nyingma treasure revealer, one of the few to have been a fully ordained monk. Jatson Nyingpo spent seventeen years in retreat, sealing the door of his hermitage with clay. According to his hagiography, while in retreat or soon afterwards, at the age of thirty-six, in 1620, he revealed a treasure inventory said to be written in the hand of Yeshe Tsogyel (mtsho rgyal gyi phyag bris ma), and went on to reveal numerous treasure texts, including his best known cycle, the ''Embodiment of the Precious Ones'' (''dkon mchog spyi 'dus''), a Guru Rinpoche sadhana which has inspired numerous commentaries. +
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo was one of the most prominent lamas of the nineteenth century of any tradition. He is said to have received teachings from over one hundred and fifty lamas of all traditions and served as teacher to most of the lamas of Kham in the second half of the nineteenth century. From his seat at Dzongsar Monastery in Derge, a branch of Ngor, he traveled twice to Tibet, and endlessly traversed Kham teaching and performing religious rituals. He famously worked closely with Jamgon Kongtrul and Chokgyur Lingpa, at the center of a religious revival the effects of which are still being felt. He was involved with the creation of Jamgon Kongtrul’s “Five Treasuries” and assisted Chokgyur Lingpa with the production of most of his treasures, authorizing and providing the organization of the revelations. He was a treasure revealer in his own right, included by Jamgon Kongtrul as the last in a list of “five kingly treasure revealers.” +
Jamgön Kongtrul is often described as one of the greatest scholars in the history of Tibet. A Karma Kagyu lama and model of rimay ecumenical activity, he collaborated closely with the Sakya lama Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and the Nyingma treasure revealer Chokgyur Lingpa, in the opening of sacred sites and the revelation of treasure. His prodigious literary output, categorized as the Five Treasuries, cover the entire range of Tibetan Buddhist theory and ritual as well as numerous other topics, and preserved scores of Tibetan religious traditions that were at the time in danger of being lost. Based primarily at Pelpung Monastery, in Derge in eastern Tibet, he built the nearby hermitage of Tsadra Rinchen Drak, which became his personal seat. Multiple incarnation lines were recognized after his death, including the main Jamgön Kongtrul line, based at Pelpung, the Dzokchen Kongtrul line and the Dzigar Kongtrul line. Kalu Rinpoche Karma Rangjung Kunkhyab (kar lu rin po che karma rang byung kun khyab, 1905-1989), was identified as the activity incarnation of Jamgon Kongtrul and was based at Tsadra Rinchen Drak. +
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Dudjom Lingpa was an influential nineteenth-century treasure revealer. Known as an eccentric mystic, he composed around twenty-one volumes of writings, yet in his life never established close institutional affiliations. Through his many students and descendants, his lineage eventually spread all over the world and his revealed treasure teaching continue to be widely practiced. Dudjom Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje is considered his reincarnation. +
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Dudjom Rinpoche was a towering figure in twentieth-century Tibetan religion—one of the main preservers of the Nyingma tradition in exile and the first Nyingma representative in the exile government. He gave a series of major Nyingma empowerments in the early 1960s and composed the lengthy History of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism in 1964. He was a primary holder of the Dudjom Tersar tradition, based on the revelations of his prior incarnation, Dudjom Lingpa. +
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Guru Chowang is considered the second of five kingly treasure revealers, famous for the Lama Sangdu and the Kabgye Sangwa Yongdzok, among other revelations. He was an early historian of the treasure tradition and codified many elements of the tradition that became standard in later years. +
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Machik Labdron was a female Tibetan philosopher-adept who is best known for her articulation and codification of the philosophy and praxis of Chod. Chod is a practice grounded in the Prajñāpāramitāsūtra directed toward cutting through ego-clinging and erroneous patterns of thinking. It was adopted by various monastic and lay lineages of Tibetan Buddhism and it also has a Bon corollary. +
Chokgyur Lingpa was one of the most prolific treasure revealers of the nineteenth century. Based in Kham, he was a close collaborator with Jamgon Kongtrul and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, with whom he revealed treasure and opened sacred sites. Among his best-known revelations are the Barche Kunsel, the Zabpa Kor Dun, and the Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo, for which Jamgon Kongtrul wrote a famous commentary. Chokgyur Lingpa also revealed an enumeration of great sites in Khams that had a significant impact on the sacred geography of the region. He established two monastic centers, Tsike and Netan, seats of the Tsike and Neten lines of his reincarnation. +
Ngari Paṇchen Pema Wanggyel was a major Nyingma lama of the early sixteenth century. Born in present day Mustang, Nepal, he traveled widely around Tibet promoting the Jangter tradition with his brother, Lekden Dorje. He is remembered to have strictly observed his monastic vows and was the author of many texts, including Ascertaining the Three Vows, which lays out the Buddhist path according to the Nyingma tradition. +
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The first of the great Tibetan Buddhist treasure revealers, Nyangrel Nyima Wozer lived in the Lhodrak region of south-central Tibet. Among his treasure finds was the first set of The Eight Instructions: Assembly of the One Gone to Bliss, which remains a foundation of fierce deity yoga in the Nyingma tradition. He also promoted the cult of Avalokiteśvara as the patron deity of Tibet through his extensive revelations of what became known as the Maṇi Kambum, and he compiled the earliest biography Padmasambhava, initiating the apotheosis of the eighth-century ritual master into Tibet's "Second Buddha," who conquered native demons and concealed treasures across Tibet. +
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Orgyen Lingpa was a prominent early treasure revealer who revealed the Pema Katang and the Katang De Nga, two influential sources for the life of Padmasambhava. He is said to have revealed twenty-eight treasures. He is considered to have been the seventh incarnation of Prince Lhase, the middle son of Tri Songdetsen. He seems to have had trouble with the new Pakmodru dynasty and lived the later part of his life in a form of exile. Otherwise, little is known about his life. +
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Pema Lingpa was a prolific treasure revealer and one of the most influential religious figures in Bhutanese history. A native of Bumtang, he trained as a blacksmith before embarking on a long career of treasure discovery and teaching across the southern Tibetan Plateau. He established as his seat the Tamzhing Lhundrub Choling Lhakhang. His lineage, continued through three lines of incarnations -- the Peling Sungtrul, the Peling Tukse and the Gangteng Tulku, dominates the Nyingma tradition in Bhutan. +
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Dorje Lingpa, who is counted as the third of the five kingly treasure revealers, is said to have revealed one hundred eight treasures. A prominent figure in the history of Bhutan, as many of his revelations were took place in Bhumtang and the surrounding region, and his revelations are still part of the Bhutanese yearly ritual schedule. Dorje Lingpa considered himself a reincarnation of Vairocana, and revealed both Buddhist and Bon Dzogchen treasures, bringing considerable innovation to the teachings. +
Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo was an eleventh-century Tibetan translator, author, and exegete of Buddhist literature. Among his translations and commentarial works are important scriptures transmitted as part of the first and second period of Buddhist diffusion in Tibet. He is a seminal figure for the Nyingma, traditionally described as the last translator of the early translation period. His work as a translator and exegete is nevertheless also important to the later translation period and the so-called New Schools of Tibetan Buddhism. His prodigious literary output––including his early and influential commentary on Guhyagarbhatantra and his vociferous defense of Tibet's Dzogchen tradition––affirm his place as the first of the three luminaries of the Nyingma tradition, alongside Longchenpa and Ju Mipam Gyatso. +
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The treasure revealer Sera Khandro was the most prolific female author in Tibetan history. Considered an incarnation of Yeshe Tsogyel, her main treasure revelations are The Secret Treasury of Reality Ḍākinīs and The Ḍākinīs’ Heart Essence. She also wrote her own autobiography, a commentary on Dudjom Lingpa’s Buddhahood Without Meditation and a biography of her main consort, Drime Ozer. +
Śākya Śrī was an influential yogic practitioner and teacher in Kham who traveled throughout the Himalaya giving teachings in Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen. A student of some of the era's greatest lamas, including the Sixth Khamtrul, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, and Ju Mipam Gyatso, he taught hundreds of disciples including the Tenth Drukchen and Sonam Zangpo, the brother of the first king of Bhutan. +
